In a bench trial, who serves as the trier of both law and fact?

In a bench trial, the judge serves as the trier of both law and fact, which is a fundamental aspect of this type of trial. Unlike a jury trial, where a jury determines the facts of the case and applies the law as instructed by the judge, a bench trial relies solely on the judge's expertise and judgment. The judge evaluates the evidence presented, determines its admissibility, and ultimately decides the outcome based on both the facts and applicable law.

This process underscores the judge's dual role in bench trials, as they interpret the law and assess the credibility and relevance of the evidence. This arrangement can streamline the trial process, as there is no need for jury selection or jury instructions, allowing for potentially quicker resolutions. In contrast, in circumstances involving a jury, the jury would take on the role of fact-finder, while the judge would primarily focus on legal rulings. Thus, the judge's role in a bench trial is uniquely comprehensive, making them the sole decision-maker in the case.