Under what circumstances can officers perform investigatory stops?

Officers can perform investigatory stops when they have reasonable suspicion of criminal activity. Reasonable suspicion is a legal standard that requires specific and articulable facts that lead an officer to believe that a person may be involved in criminal activity. This standard is lower than probable cause, which is necessary for arrests and obtaining search warrants.

In context, reasonable suspicion allows officers to brief detain a person to ask questions or gather further information without the higher burden of proof required for an arrest. This is essential for allowing law enforcement to proactively address potential criminal activities and ensure public safety while still respecting individuals' rights. The essence of this legal principle is that it balances the need for public safety with the constitutional rights of individuals.

The other circumstances described do not fit the legal threshold for an investigatory stop. Imminent danger requires immediate action often associated with a higher standard, and while a recent crime can provide context, it does not automatically confer reasonable suspicion on its own. Probable cause is what is needed for an arrest, not merely an investigatory stop, which is rooted in the concept of reasonable suspicion.