Which of the following is an example of substantive law?

Substantive law refers to the body of law that governs the rights and duties of individuals and entities. It defines the legal relationship between people and the state, and includes laws that dictate what constitutes a crime, as well as the penalties for those crimes.

RCW 9A.52.030 is a specific statute from the Revised Code of Washington (RCW) that pertains to theft. As a state statute, it provides specific definitions, classes of theft, and associated penalties, which exemplifies substantive law's role in establishing legal standards and criminal offenses.

Federal statutes and the rights of the accused, while important aspects of the legal system, do not specifically pertain to a defined law regarding criminal conduct in the same way that a particular statute does. On the other hand, police policies are generally considered procedural and guide the conduct of law enforcement personnel rather than directly establishing what constitutes a crime or the legal consequences thereof. Therefore, RCW 9A.52.030 stands out as a direct example of substantive law.