Who is recognized as the founder of the first forensic laboratory?

Edmond Locard is recognized as the founder of the first forensic laboratory due to his contributions to forensic science and the establishment of the concept that "every contact leaves a trace," which is fundamental to forensic investigations. He set up his laboratory in Lyon, France, in the early 20th century, laying the groundwork for the application of scientific methods to criminal investigations. Locard's emphasis on using science to solve crimes helped formalize the field of forensic science, proving critical in the development of procedures and techniques that law enforcement agencies still utilize today.

The other figures mentioned, while notable in their own fields, did not establish forensic laboratories or contribute to forensic science in the same fundamental way. Alfred Nobel is primarily known for inventing dynamite and establishing the Nobel Prizes, Hans Gross is recognized for his work in criminalistics and the integration of scientific methodology in criminal investigations but did not found a laboratory, and Isaac Newton is celebrated for his contributions to physics and mathematics rather than any work in forensic science.